The Human Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Essay

The human acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a retrovirus that is found in two forms HIV-1 and HIV-2. The AIDS virus is a relatively new virus receiving attention in the 1980’s. As quickly as it swept through the world, was as quickly it went to epidemic proportions. Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a virus that enters and infects the body through sexual activity with an infected party. AIDS is a very infectious and dangerous virus that causes the death of many humans. AIDS is characterized by two single stranded RNA and uses enzyme reverse transcription to integrate into the hosts DNA. The AIDS virus is transmitted through sexual activity with someone that is infected with the virus. HIV has the most genetic diversity†¦show more content†¦Cross species is backed by the fact that elements of both SIV and HIV evolution. Although some scientists debate that HIV-1 came from cross-species transmission from chimpanzees, but examination show that both forms HIV-1 and HIV-2 have risen in similar forms. Yet with HIV-2 a problem arises in stating they rose from cross-species transmission. HIV-2 and ã€â€"SIVã€â€"_sm come from different lineages. That means that that HIV-2 could not simply come from cross-species transmission but by separate transmission from Sooty Mangabeys to Humans. The evolutionary history of HIV-1 stems from the ã€â€"SIVã€â€"_cpz form that is found in chimpanzees. The history of this form (HIV-1) is relatively debated on. Though the virus is found in chimpanzees the strain is not strong enough for a linear viral transmission through the hunting of the animal. The strain is relatively weak, and through research may have come from a third party, infecting both Homo sapiens and chimpanzees. Yet, some scientists believe that the virus may have spurred from a subspecies of chimpanzees. The strain is found to have both human and chimpanzee phylogenetic mix. The virus is found in other wild chimpanzee species in West Africa, increasing the biodiversity of this strain. HIV-1 is separated into three main groups of clusters, M, N, or O group/cluster. The three groups were found to have occurred through â€Å"founders effect†. The strain of ã€â€"SIVã€â€"_cpz (the origin of HIV-1) has aShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus And Ac quired Immune Deficiency Syndrome1477 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome In 1981, the first cases in the United States of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) developed in Los Angeles and New York (Fraser, Burd, Liebson, Lipschik, Peterson, 2008). The illness presented itself among several homosexual males who developed rare opportunistic infections such as Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma (Sharp Hahn, 2011). 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